Abstract: The coordinated development of digitalization and greenization is an inevitable choice for China’s highquality development, opening up a new practical path for the sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the dynamic capability theory and using the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2023, this article empirically examines the impact of the coordinated development of digitalization and greenization on the ESG performance of enterprises by adopting A bidirectional fixed-effect model. Research has found that the coordinated development of digitalization and greenization has a significant promoting effect on the ESG performance of enterprises. Mechanism tests show that the coordinated development of digitalization and greenization can enhance the organizational coordination and integration capabilities as well as the transformation and reconstruction capabilities of enterprises, thereby improving ESG performance. However, the mechanism of the learning and absorption ability is not significant. Heterogeneity analysis shows that enterprises located in regions with strong environmental regulations and remarkable achievements in digital economy construction can more effectively enhance their ESG performance through the coordinated development of digitalization and greenization. The research conclusion not only provides theoretical support and practical paths for enterprises to optimize ESG performance, but also reveals the strategic value and practical significance of the coordinated development of digitalization and greenization in cultivating new quality productivity.