Abstract: In the context of global economic transformation and high-quality development, the development of newquality productivity, driven by innovation, provides momentum for corporate sustainable development. Based on the resource-based view theory, Schumpeter’s innovation theory, and Porter’s hypothesis, this paper uses data from A-share listed manufacturing companies in China from 2011 to 2022 to explore the relationship between new-quality productivity and corporate sustainable development performance, as well as the mediating role of green innovation. Research has found that new-quality productivity enhances the sustainable development performance of enterprises and has a positive impact on green innovation; new-quality productivity can promote the sustainable development of enterprises by influencing green innovation. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of new-quality productivity on the sustainable development performance of enterprises is more significant in state-owned enterprises, heavily polluting enterprises, and enterprises in the eastern region. The fi ndings of this study contribute to the theoretical framework linking new-quality productivity and corporate sustainable development performance and provide practical guidance for enterprises on how to promote sustainable development through the development of new-quality productivity and green innovation.