Abstract: Enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains has become a strategic cornerstone for balancing development and security and building a modern industrial system.This study treats the establishment of the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on the vertical relationship theory in industrial organization, the study refines the resilience measurement system by reconstructing the connotation and measurement framework of industrial and supply chain resilience across three dimensions: supply-demand matching optimization, relationship maintenance, and quality improvement. It empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of digital economy policies on industrial and supply chain resilience. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances the resilience of corporate industrial and supply chains, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of reliability and endogeneity tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the policy improves resilience primarily by optimizing the supply of technology, talent, capital, and data elements, thereby enabling upstream and downstream collaboration and innovation. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the policy effects are more pronounced in growth- and maturity-stage enterprises, non-strategic emerging industries, regions with advanced digital finance, and enterprises facing higher economic policy uncertainty or possessing stronger risk resistance capabilities. The study elucidates the intrinsic mechanisms through which digital economy policies influence resilience from the dual dimensions of factor empowerment and risk adaptation, providing theoretical foundations and empirical support for implementing differentiated policies to strengthen the security of industrial and supply chains.