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OpenClaw类智能体自动化行为的价值对齐与法律规制

Value Alignment and Legal Regulation of Automatic Behavior of OpenClaw Agent

  • 摘要: 随着人工智能技术从虚拟交互向实体交互延伸,具身智能与生成式人工智能的融合催生了“养龙虾”(OpenClaw)类智能体,其拥有环境感知、自主决策、实体执行的全链路自动化能力,且自动化行为已然渗透到社会生产生活的各个领域。但由于缺乏价值对齐机制,导致智能体也带来了系统性风险。这些风险贯穿于自动化行为的全过程:在目标设定环节,存在价值编码的法律偏差与目标拆解的合规失当;在意图理解环节,存在场景意图的法律误判、人类指令的法律曲解;在行为执行环节,存在物理执行的行为失范与权限行使的边界僭越;在价值适配环节,存在动态场景的适配瑕疵、多元价值的协调失序。因此,对智能体自动化行为的法律规制应以价值对齐为主线,基于其具身性与生成性的特性,构建事前规范、事中管控、事后追责的全链条规制体系。具体而言,需对目标设定予以合规引导,对意图理解予以精准适配,对行为执行施以边界约束,对价值适配做到动态调整,将法律规范的价值导向及强制性要求嵌入智能体自动化行为的各环节,为智能体的合规应用及智能经济高质量发展提供法治保障。

     

    Abstract: With the extension of artificial intelligence technology from virtual interaction to entity interaction, the fusion of embodied intelligence and generative artificial intelligence has given birth to OpenClaw-like agents, which have full-link automation capabilities for environment perception, autonomous decision-making, and entity execution, and automated behavior has penetrated into all fields of social production and life. However, due to the lack of value alignment mechanism, agents also bring systemic risks. These risks run through the whole process of automatic behavior: legal deviation of value coding in goal setting link, improper compliance of goal disassembly; legal misjudgment of scene intention in intention understanding link, legal misinterpretation of human instructions; behavior anomie of physical execution in behavior execution link, boundary encroachment of authority exercise; adaptation defect of dynamic scene in value adaptation link, coordination disorder of multiple values. Therefore, the legal regulation of agent automation behavior should take value alignment as the main line, and construct a full-chain regulation system based on its specific and generative characteristics, which includes pre-regulation, in-process control, and post-accountability. Specifically, compliance guidance shall be given to goal setting, precise adaptation of intention understanding, boundary constraint on behavior execution, dynamic adjustment of value adaptation, value orientation, and mandatory requirements of legal norms shall be embedded in each link of intelligent automation behavior, so as to provide legal guarantees for compliance application of intelligent bodies and high-quality development of intelligent economies.

     

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